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Serbia Portal |
This is a list of fortifications in Serbia (Serbian: тврђава, pl. тврђавe, tvrđave). The list includes remains (ruins) of military constructions; castles (Замак), towers (Кула, Кулe) etc.
There are over 30 preserved forts in Serbia, and more than hundreds of sites with remains of old fortifications. Forts in Serbia are preservations of the Roman, Byzantine, medieval Serbian and post-Ottoman era's. The majority of forts have been renovated throughout history with changing rule and adaptations to war technology development. Most of the forts are foundations of modern towns and cities; The Kalemegdan fortress have remains of the ancient city of Singidunum, modern Belgrade. UNESCO World Heritage Site of Serbia, Stari Ras was the seat of the early medieval Principality and Kingdom of Serbia (950–1034, 1113–1276).
Later architecture exists in Vojvodina; Bač castle, Vršac.
The fortified monasteries of Mileševa, Manasija and Ravanica served as protection to locals during harsh times.
Fortifications located on Kosovo are indicated in grey.
| Picture | Name | Location | Notes | Built | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anište | Kolubara | Remains. | Medieval | ||
| Atanas | Pirot | Remains. | Medieval | ||
| Bač Fortress | Bač | Built at the time of Hungarian King Charles Robert I (1310–1342). From the time of Rákóczi Rebellion (1703–1711) fortress was burned, destroyed and abandoned. In addition Bač fort remained the best preserved medieval fortress in Vojvodina. In Bač and today are the ruins of the former fortress whose base is in the form of an irregular pentagon. | 14th century AD | Military | |
| Bečej Fortress | Bečej | Used in the 14th century. Only foundations. | Unknown | City | |
| Berkasovo Fortress | Berkasovo Despotovac |
In the possession of Jovan Brankovic. | |||
| Berkovac Fortress | Valjevo | Also known as Castle of Milan Toplica. Remains. | |||
| Blagotin | Kruševac | Foundations of the Fort and remains of two towers exist. | |||
| Bovan Fortress | Aleksinac | Medieval Era | Military | ||
| Borač Fortress | Borač, Knić | Taken by the Hungarians after the Battle of Kosovo, 1389. Ottoman Murat II destroys it in 1438. | Unknown | Military | |
| Despot Tower | Belgrade | Part of Kalemegdan | Medieval | Military | |
| Diana Fortress | Kladovo | Roman fortress. | Roman Era | ||
| Fetislam | Kladovo | ||||
| Felix Romuliana | Gamzigrad | Roman fortress built by Roman Emperor Galerius starting in 298 AD. UNESCO World Heritage Site. |
298 AD | Villa | |
| Grabovac | Trstenik | Remains of two towers. Also known as Jeriningrad. | Unknown | ||
| Golubac Fortress | Golubac | Strategical fort on the Danube. Built in early 14th century by a Serbian knight, thought to be on the foundation of Roman COLUMBARIA. The Turks held the fort throughout the occupation of Serbia. | 14th century AD | Military | |
| Jakšić Tower | Belgrade | Part of Kalemegdan | Medieval | Military | |
| Jeleč | Novi Pazar | Ruins. Used by Stefan Dragutin | 13th century AD | ||
| Kaljaja | Prizren | Once the capital of Serbia. Built by the Byzantine Empire, then expanded by Dusan the Mighty. Trade region. | 5th century AD
1019 AD |
Capital | |
| Kalemegdan | Belgrade | Remains of the Roman SINGIDVNVM, founded in the 3rd century BC by the Scordisci. The Roman legion IV Flaviae was stationed here. Between 378 and 441 it was damaged by invading Huns and Goths. Legend says Attila the Hun is buried beneath the fortress. Rebuilt 535 by Justinian I and served as a Byzantine border town to West Rome and barbarians. Belgrade becomes the capital in 1404 following the fall of Kosovo in 1389. | 3rd century BC
Rebuilt 535 |
Capital Military |
|
| Kruševac Fortress | Kruševac | Part of Tsar Lazar's dominion. Turks briefly controlled the fort after the Battle of Kosovo, it was then retaken by the Serbs who then lost it to Hungarians in 1437. The Serbs regained it in 1444, but then the Turks occupy it in 1454, renaming it to Aladža Hisar, Turkish for "Colorful City", because of the diversity of materials from which the fortress was built. | 1381 AD | Capital Military |
|
| Kurvingrad | 11 km from Niš | ||||
| Koznik | Aleksandrovac | fl. 1371—1389 | |||
| Manasija | Despotovac | Monastery fortress (protecting the Manasija monastery) | 1407 AD | Monastery | |
| Maglič | Kraljevo | fl. 1196–1228 | |||
| Markovo Kale | Vranje | Used by Prince Marko in the 14th century. Remains. | 13th century AD | ||
| Mileševac Fortress | 7 km from Prijepolje | ||||
| Nebojša Tower | Belgrade | Part of the Belgrade Fortress (Kalemegdan) | Medieval | Military | |
| Nenadović Tower | Valjevo | Medieval | Military | ||
| Niš Fortress | Niš | Built by the Ottoman Empire 1719-1723 on previous Ancient Roman Castra, Byzantine and Serbian foundations. The Roman fortress was built in the 2nd century AD, Constantine the Great is born here in 271. The Huns destroy the region in 442. Justinian I renovates it in 530. The Slavs used it since 570s, after their campaigns against Thessaloniki and Constantinople, officially taking it in 615. | Roman Era
1719-1723 |
Castra Military |
|
| Novo Brdo Fortress | 20 km from Priština | ||||
| Petrovaradin Fortress | Novi Sad | Standing on Paleolithic settlement (19,000-15,000 BC), It was built with the arrival of Romans (~75 BC, CUSUM). Strategical point overlooking the Danube | Roman Era
Rebuilt 1247 |
City Military |
|
| Pirot Fortress | Pirot | ||||
| Ram Fortress | 25 km from Požarevac | ||||
| Ravanica | Near Ćuprija | ||||
| Smederevo Fortress | Smederevo | ||||
| Soko Grad | near Ljubovija | ||||
| Soko Grad | near Sokobanja | Built by Justinian I to tackle the Avar-Slav incursion. | 6th century AD | Military | |
| Stalać Fortress | Stalać | ||||
| Stari Grad | Užice | Built to control the roads surrounding. | 12th century AD | ||
| Stari Ras | Novi Pazar | Historical capital of Serbia (Principality of Rascia). UNESCO World Heritage Site. |
8th century AD | Capital | |
| Šabac Fortress | Šabac | Built by the Ottomans (Bigir Delen) in 1471 | 1471 AD | Military | |
| Trojanov Grad | Cer (mountain) | Attributed to Emperor Trajan. Only the remains of one defensive wall has been preserved. Gensis (vicus) | Unknown | N/A | |
| Vidin Grad | Lešnica | Remains. Gensis (vicus) | Unknown | N/A | |
| Vršac Castle | Vršac | Under complete reconstruction | 1439 AD | ||
| Vojinovića Tower | Vučitrn | Known as Vitianum in Roman times. Seat of Đurađ Branković (1427—1456) (etymology - Tower of Vojinovići) | Roman
14th century |
Military Tower | |
| Zemun Fortress | Zemun | Ruins | |||
| Zelen-grad | Vučje, Leskovac | Ruins | |||
| Zvečan Fortress | Kosovska Mitrovica |
Mentioned in 1093 as property of Vukan of Rascia (1083-1115) |
Early Byzantine
Medieval |
||
| Žrnov | Belgrade | Ancient Roman outpost, medieval Serbian military fort. The remains were demolished in 1934, in order to clear the site for the construction of the Yugoslav World War I Monument to the Unknown Hero (by Ivan Meštrović). | Roman
Medieval |
Military |
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